Influence Consumers
Neuromarketing
Why people buy things?
What is Buyer Behavior ?
Neuromarketing
We buy because we have a desire to be comfortable
Buyer behavior is the driving force behind any marketing process. Understanding why and how people decide to purchase.
There are two main buying motives, which can be tapped into emotionally or rationally. Though a customer may have more than one buying motive, there is typically a dominant buying motive that drives a particular purchase.
People are influenced by internal (psychological) and external (social) forces that cause people to have many desires, needs, and wants.
We buy because we have a desire to fit in and to belong
We buy because we have a desire to be comfortable
Maslow’s Pyramid of Needs
- At the bottom of the hierarchy are the “Basic needs or Physiological needs” of a human being: food, water, sleep and sex.
- The next level is “Safety Needs: Security, Order, and Stability”. These two steps are important to the physical survival of the person.
- Once individuals have basic nutrition, shelter and safety, they attempt to accomplish more. The third level of need is “Love and Belonging”, which are psychological needs; when individuals have taken care of themselves physically, they are ready to share themselves with others, such as with family and friends.
- The fourth level is achieved when individuals feel comfortable with what they have accomplished. This is the “Esteem” level, the need to be competent and recognized, such as through status and level of success.
- Then fifth is the “Cognitive” level, where individuals intellectually stimulate themselves and explore.
- Finally, there is the “Aesthetic” level, which is the need for harmony, order and beauty.
- At the top of the pyramid, “Need for Self-actualization” occurs when individuals reach a state of harmony and understanding because they are engaged in achieving their full potential.
Understanding Your Customers’ Hearts & Minds
Purchase decisions can be Rational or Emotional or combination of both.
Consumers have certain attitude and beliefs which influence there buying decisions. Based on this attitude, the consumer behaves in a particular way towards a product. This attitude plays a significant role in defining the brand image of a product. Marketers try hard to understand the attitude of a consumer in order to design their marketing campaigns.
Rational
Rational consumers wish to maximize their satisfaction or utility from consumption by correctly choosing how to spend their limited income.
A buying decision based on rational buying motives is generally the result of an objective review of available information.
Need
Basic needs can be things like food and shelter.
Convenience
Convenience speaks of saving in valuable time, mental and physical exertion. Some customers prefer convenience attached to a product though it may be slightly expensive.
Suitability
Suitability refers fitting well to a particular situation. Which is suitable to whom depends on many factors such as paying capacity, size of the house, car and or whatever we buy must suit to the size of the family and income. A product is regarded suitable if it suits the needs of the buyers., The customers are always conscious about the suitability factor while purchasing.
Profit
Almost every individual has the motives to save or to make more and more profits in minimum possible time. By explaining a customer that purchase of certain type of goods will result in saving or profitProfit-making or saving is a natural urge in human beings. People buy shares and bonds or invest in saving mainly because of earning interest, making capital gains
Multipurpose
Multipurpose is that of quality of a product which allows its user to put it to alternative uses for a number of purposes did not therefore liked by the consumers. For example, folding sofa sets can be used for sitting and for sleeping as cots. If one is in need of cots and chairs for his domestic use, he usually prefers to purchase the sofa set.
Durability
Customers always wish to purchase products that are satisfying them by the quality, reliability and durability of the product, they would not buy it.
Economy
Consumers prefer products that give more economy in every respect. Some people visit different stores and shops to purchase the best for a limited amount of money. Savings in operation and maintenance cost are also considered.
Safety
People are generally afraid of losing their health and wealth. Further, people also fear losing their prestige. These fears and tensions have made men too cautious because, precaution is better than cure. Man cannot get rid of his fears unless and until certain precautionary measures are taken. Therefore, the motive of safety plays an important role in buying articles like medicines, electrical appliances and services like insurance, savings bank account, hiring lockers in banks, etc.
Health
Customers are willing to invest in products that have a clear health benefit. How many people would buy toothpaste if your teeth did not hurt without proper dental hygiene? Advil and Tylenol would not sell millions of bottles if they didn’t relieve pain from headaches and other ailments. Customers need to clearly understand the health benefits that your product offers and see proof that the claims you make have been proven. Remember, today’s shoppers are more skeptical than ever before, so you have to build trust with customers by being transparent and straight forward.
Which of these seven motivators do you think influences your purchase behaviors the most? What about the least? Share your thoughts in the comments below!
Curiosity
Curiosity refers to a thirst for knowing more and more and learning more and more. They are curious to know the unknown. The desire to learn or see something new and satisfy one’s curiosity is strong in many people .Hence, any product that is introduced new, consumers are curious to know about it and have a ‘try‘.
Time
This subscription saves me time of having to go shopping.” You need something now and will take the easiest or fastest path to get it.
People almost always buy based on emotion and then justify their purchases.
For emotional purchase decisions, it can be argued that the need does not necessarily have to be present in the first place. It is rather created by external sources
Fear of Missing Out
No one wants to be left out. Missing out is a universal fear that goes back thousands of years. To be out of the loop puts a person at odds with the group. It creates social friction and could even be a threat to survival back at one time. So it’s easy to see why inclusion is a priority for people.
Scarcity
This could be around collectibles or a perceived need that something may run out or have limited availability in the future. Additionally, there’s a hope to gain a return on investment, such as collectibles or antiques; anything that accrues value over time.
social pressures
People make instant decisions with their subconscious.
There’s a famous study about jam tasting. Scientists asked a big sample of consumers to rank jams on taste, ordering them from top to bottom.
Then the scientists re-did the study with a different, but still statistically representative, group. This time, they asked the sampler to put the jams in order of taste and explain their thinking. The order flipped. The jams that the first group ranked as the best tasting were judged to as the worst by the second group.
The reason is that the conscious brain suddenly got involved in a task it didn’t really understand. Suddenly, there were social pressures (i.e. what they should choose), leading answers away from what people actually liked.
Habit
Habits are essentially shortcuts our brains create to reduce the amount of time-consuming deliberation we have to do. While we can override habits, they are harder to overcome with deliberate intention when we are tired, stressed, or distracted. Our brains crave stimulation. Whenever an experience is more satisfying, more interesting, or more rewarding, we want more of it. Sometimes products establish new habits just because using them feels better.
Impress / Attract
Sometimes you make a purchase to impress/attract someone. To look like an expert/aficionado; to meet a standard of social status, often exceeding what’s realistically affordable to make it at least seem like you operate at a higher level.
Acceptance
Sometimes, consumers can be motivated to purchase a product because everyone else has it.
Addiction
This is outside the range of the normal human operating system, but it certainly exists and accounts for more sales than any of us can fathom. Can you think back to the last time you bought something and fully explain the reason why?
Cultural factors
A group of people are associated with a set of values and ideologies that belong to a particular community. When someone’s behavior is highly influenced by the culture relating to that particular community. Some of the cultural factors are:
values, needs, wants, preferences, perceptions, and behaviors that are observed and learned by a consumer from their near family members and other important people around them.
Guilt / Regret
This happens when somebody – usually an acquaintance, or someone rarely gift-worthy – buys you a gift or does something exceptionally nice and/or unnecessary. Now it’s your turn to return the favor at the next opportunity.
Prestige or aspirational purchase
Human psychology is a major determinant of consumer behavior. These factors are difficult to measure but are powerful enough to influence a buying decision.
Direct and Indirect influence
when we are concerned about others’ opinions.
when other try to manipulate you;
when we observe others to guide our behavior
Fashion
Fashion is the second most largest economies generating in the world . It is generating trillions of USD- EUR -GBP-JPY… and employing millions worldwide, yet it is often considered frivolous and superficial. Since the moment it became global, somehow consumers have
been affected by this fast and evolving industry (Holmber & Öhnfeldt, 2010).
Imitation
People generally try to copy or imitate others, particularly the movie stars, sportsmen, etc. Imitation takes place when they are impressed by the dress, behavior, hair style and other manners.
Competition
Competition can be poorly done, and competitiveness can be both a virtue and a vice. With consumer behaviour Competition is more close to jealousy. Our neighbors have that grill, so we need to get it or something better.”
How about getting into your client’s mind through Neuromarketing?
Have you ever thought of looking into your customer’s mind in order to figure out the way they think? Or Do you have any idea of converting your expected customer into a confirmed buyer?
Scientists have spent decades understanding the motivations behind a purchaser’s decision. As a result of researches and studies about the human mind and behavior, psychologists have the answers for what you are looking for.
A large majority of marketers would not consider themselves as psychologists. However, many successful marketers regularly utilize psychology in appealing to their consumers.
Neuromarketing is an exciting promise for marketing evolution in the present and future in terms of relationships and communications between the market, products, and customers as It is the best tool for advertising and brand researches.
Neuromarketing is all about understanding human preferences and emotional reactions by measuring brain activation when customers view and evaluate different brands or advertisements.
The power of Neuromarketing
Neuromarketing is a term that describes the use of neuroscience in advertising and marketing your product and is the point where the human brain meets marketing.
The human brain is not only complex and mysterious but also really primitive. The old brain is an evolutionary term. It is used to govern the unconscious, rapid, instinctive decision making.
During the past few decades, Neuroscience and marketing experts have become aware of this phenomenon. Furthermore, Researches have given a number of extremely surprising results on how people make decisions about buying something.
One of the biggest questions in today’s market is what motivates a consumer to decide to choose your product instead of something else.
Neuromarketing is specifically designed to target customers’ attraction and influences which make them purchase the product. In other words, it is cracking the code to consumer behavior. Moreover, the goal of neuromarketing is developing more effective marketing techniques and improving the quality of the products according to the customer’s mind and actual choices.
In conclusion, Neuroscience has become a powerful tool in consumer insight market research, providing unprecedented access to the subconscious mind.
What is the 3-Brain Theory?
In the 1940s, Paul MacLean popularized the triune brain theory, where he categorized the brain into 3 parts: Reptilian (old, sensory), Limbic (middle, emotional) and Neocortex (new, rational).
In order to understand this concept, let’s starts with an understanding of our brains.
Three main parts of the brain
The Brain’s three main structures are the outer part, middle part and the reptilian part, each part has different functions to perform.
What is the 3-Brain Theory?
Old brain Middle brain New brain
The reptilian brain
The oldest part of the brain is called the reptilian area, this part of the brain is an automatic system that evolved some 500 million years ago. It is the part of the brain that every animal share, for instance, one of the oldest creatures on the planet we find in common is “reptiles”. The Reptilian or lizard’s brain reacts without any thought, a largely automatic reaction for basic survival. This part of the brain used to direct our ancestors to escape, hunt, digest food, and survive. This part of the brain absorbs all the information gathered by another two parts of the brain and uses the information to formulate the best decision.
The Middle Brain as Limbic System
The middle section of the brain is also called the Limbic area which controls our emotions, memories, habits, and is associated with feelings like love and intimacy.
This part of the brain likely developed to help our ancestors around 200 million years ago. That was very crucial for survival and social bonding. Moreover, it was essential to form an attraction for the opposite sex for procreation. Emotional responses were probably developed to care for any offspring.
New Brain as Neocortex
The outer layer of the brain is called Neocortex and is the last part, developed through evolution. Two million years ago, when the Neocortex thrived, our ancestors became capable of understanding complex things, this part of the brain is responsible for rational thinking like coming up with tricky mathematical equations or written skills and fantasy. We are now efficient in thinking and reasoning
Neuromarketing
Traditional marketing
Traditional marketing
These days, traditional marketing methods are known as more statistics, mathematical, data analysis, models, computer simulation, and logical empiricism.
Methods used by traditional marketing such as research, consumer surveys are more rational and are being developed by our new brain.
Most people believe that the rational part of their brain is been used in making choices and decisions. But in actual, studies show that our emotions are the main drivers behind our decisions and consumer choices.
Marketing designed on the basis of neuroscience research
Now, we have a better understanding of the Brain about the processes of gathering information and influencing.
Nobel Prize-winning psychologist and economist Daniel Kahneman changed the concept of thinking. Kahneman argues that most of our decisions are made emotionally. He encouraged the belief that emotions influence our choices, actions, and the feel before making any snap judgments.
The old brain is the survival part. This part of the brain is responsible for instinct and survival. Its main focus is avoiding pain, danger and to make us feel better in order to achieve an improved version of ourselves. At the same time, we buy things to solve the problems and fill the needs. We as buyers, want to know how a specific product will fit our requirements or add value to us?
This proves that it heavily influences the buying-decisions, therefore, communications should be focused on the customer, not on the brand.
This idea has great importance it makes us realize that human beings are not as logical as we might imagine. Understanding this we can say it has significant implications for marketing, sales, and branding.
Thanks to this new research, we now understand the role our emotions play when we are making decisions and lead us to purchase.
Neuromarketing can help us to understand how the unconscious mind’s process influences the decision to purchase and providing a better understanding of the consumers’ thoughts, emotions, feelings, needs, and motivation in relation to the marketing products.
We now know that up to 90 percent of the decisions we make are based on emotions. Our subconscious brains continually keep scanning the environment to find the brands that will best allow us to satisfy our emotional goals.
How to get into your Customers’ Heads
- Find an Emotional Connection instead of Logical Idea Emotional memory persists longer than event memory. That’s why people can remember emotional events more often. – such as birthday, a wedding, graduation, or any other emotional moment, but many times we can’t remember what we had for dinner a week ago.
- Speak your customer’s language. What you’ll need to do is step into their shoes for a moment. Consider the problem that brought them your direction. You’ll earn your customers’ trust when you talk to them.
- Make your Customer Talk Listen before You Speak. Making your customer talk acts as an ice breaker. Half of your problem is solved there itself. Know their taste, preferences and likings, also understand that what factors are restricting them from purchasing the given items and all these can only be eliminated by making them talk.
- Develop empathy for your customers In customer service, empathy is the ability to have a human interaction with a customer. When companies focus on delivering empathy in customer service, even a simple interaction with a rep can become more impactful and memorable. It reflects positively on the brand when customers feel like they are being heard, their concerns are being taken seriously and that the company is doing everything to help them. Being empathetic towards someone doesn’t mean that you are agreeing with them. It just means that you understand their point of view
- Stop Giving Customers So Many Choices If the choice is good, then giving too many options can be a wrong idea. The key is to find the balance and to give the customer some choices in order to attract buyers and actively helping them navigate the choice as soon as they show buying intent, the more options you give, the more you distract users from the desired goal.
- New idea Steve Jobs used innovation to probe the deeper desire behind customer’s desires — his customers did not know they wanted an iPhone until they saw one. Observing customer responses to your company’s innovations will reveal their hidden desires, giving you a more complete understanding of their psychology.
- Ask for Reviews If you prove that you have a number of satisfied customers, you will appear more legitimate and trustworthy in a customer’s eyes. Mostly, people visit online reviews when they make decisions to buy something. Whether it’s about choosing a restaurant or staying in a hotel etc.
How to Understand and Influence Consumer Behaviour
What is consumer behaviour?
Consumer behaviour is the study and understanding of an individual’s buying habits including social trends, frequency, and patterns.
Consumer behaviour can also be described as the mental, emotional and physical activities that people engage in while going to purchase some items. Experts are trying to study what reason or idea influences someone’s decision to buy something and how do they choose among more alternative products.
The study of Consumer Behaviour includes
- How do consumers research the items while shopping?
- Why do they choose product A, rather than product B?
- The way consumers think about different brands, products, and services that are offered.
- How the surroundings or environment influences consumers.
- How important consumer reviews are in their research.
- Do they prefer to shop online or offline?
- How marketing campaigns can effectively influence the customer.
Factors influencing consumer behaviour
Personal Factors
Each individual has different personal factors over others in terms of personality, Age, Occupation, Financial or economic situation, and Lifestyle.
Psychological Factors
It can be influenced by present circumstances, past experiences, needs, problems, lack/overdose of information, and their own attitudes, motivation or beliefs.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Neuromarketing is an evolving science that can help you to adapt to your marketing communications. Mainly, it can be used as a way to understand your customers better and ultimately serve them best.